New genetically distinct phytoplasmas and insect carriers associated with pine tree disease revealed by a survey in Curonian Spit, Lithuania

The fauna and seasonal activity of mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) in the Curonian Spit (Russia, Lithuania)

The Curonian Spit, characterized by the highest drifting sand dunes in Europe, is a 98 km long, thin, curved sand dune peninsula located in the East of the Baltic Sea. The northern stretch of the Spit belongs to Lithuania, while the rest is part of Russia. Investigations on birds and on bird haemosporidian parasites are carried on in this region. Bloodsucking dipterous insects are specific vect...

Distinct perceptual grouping pathways revealed by temporal carriers and envelopes.

S. E. Guttman, L. A. Gilroy, and R. Blake (2005) investigated whether observers could perform temporal grouping in multi-element displays where each local element was stochastically modulated over time along one of several potential dimensions--or "messenger types"--such as contrast, position, orientation, or spatial scale. Guttman et al.'s data revealed that grouping discards messenger type an...

Insect Vectors of Phytoplasmas

The principal means of dissemination of phytoplasmas is by insect vectors. The interactions between phytoplasmas and their insect vectors are, in some cases, very specific, as is suggested by the complex sequence of events that has to take place and the complex form of recognition that this entails between the two species. The commonest vectors, or at least those best known, are members of the ...

Phytoplasmas Associated with Ash Decline

‏‎a comparative study of language learning strategies employmed by bilinguals and monolinguals with reference to attitudes and motivation‎‏

هدف از این تحقیق بررسی برخی عوامل ادراکی واحساسی یعنی استفاده از شیوه های یادگیری زبان ، انگیزه ها ونگرش نسبت به زبان انگلیسی در رابطه با زمینه زبانی زبان آموزان می باشد. هدف بررسی این نکته بود که آیا اختلافی چشمگیر میان زبان آموزان دو زبانه و تک زبانه در میزان استفاده از شیوه های یادگیری زبان ، انگیزه ها نگرش و سطح مهارت زبانی وجود دارد. همچنین سعی شد تا بهترین و موثرترین عوامل پیش بینی کننده ...